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Orphans' Court & Fiduciary Litigation

Routine probate stays at the Register of Wills. When things get contested: will challenges, fiduciary removal, guardianships, accountings, trust disputes…

Routine probate stays at the Register of Wills. When things get contested (will challenges, fiduciary removal, guardianships, accountings, trust disputes) the matter moves to Orphans' Court, where a judge decides everything with no jury. I practice here regularly. These topics are also accessible from the Estate Planning hub.
High-Stakes Matters

These are the cases where families are in conflict and the outcome determines who controls assets, who serves as fiduciary, and who inherits.

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Will Contests & Caveats in Bucks County
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Removal of Executors & Trustees
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Guardianship of Incapacitated Persons
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Trust Litigation in Orphans' Court
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Beneficiary Rights & Standing in Trust Disputes
Resolutions & Procedures
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Family Settlement Agreements
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Estate & Trust Accountings in Bucks County
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What Is a Surcharge?
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Amending Birth Records & Vital Records
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Trust Decanting: Modifying Irrevocable Trusts
Facing an estate dispute? Orphans' Court has unique rules and no jury. You need an attorney who practices here regularly.
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Common Questions

Can I contest my parent's will?

Yes. Before probate, you can file a caveat with the Register of Wills under 20 Pa.C.S. § 906 to prevent the will from being admitted. If the will has already been probated, a challenge must be brought within one year under § 908. Grounds include lack of testamentary capacity, undue influence, fraud, improper execution, or revocation. See our Will Contests & Caveats page for details.

Can I challenge an executor's handling of an estate?

Yes. You can file objections to the executor's accounting, petition for removal, or bring a surcharge action. The remedy depends on the specific issue.

How long does a guardianship proceeding take?

From petition to hearing, typically 4 to 8 weeks. Emergency guardianships can be obtained more quickly. After appointment, the guardian must file an inventory within 90 days and annual reports thereafter.

Is Orphans' Court different from regular civil court?

Yes. Orphans' Court is a specialized division with its own rules of procedure, its own case law, and its own judges. There is no jury, the judge decides everything.

Do I need a lawyer for Orphans' Court?

It's strongly recommended. Orphans' Court has unique procedural requirements and substantive law that differ significantly from other courts. Mistakes can be costly.

What does a guardianship cost?

In Bucks County, expect $3,000–$10,000+ for an uncontested guardianship. Contested guardianships can cost significantly more. After appointment, there are ongoing costs.

What is the difference between a formal and informal accounting?

A formal accounting is filed with the Orphans' Court and is subject to audit and objections. An informal accounting is presented directly to beneficiaries. If all beneficiaries consent, a formal accounting may not be required.

What's the difference between the Register of Wills and the Orphans' Court?

The Register of Wills is an administrative office; it probates wills, grants letters, and collects inheritance tax. The Orphans' Court is a judicial body that resolves disputes, adjudicates accountings, appoints guardians, and removes fiduciaries.

Where do I file an accounting?

With the Clerk of the Orphans' Court, not the Register of Wills. In Bucks County, audits are called at 10:00 AM on the first Monday of each month. File by the 5th Wednesday before your target audit date.

I have a problem with how the executor is handling the estate. Do I go to the Register of Wills or the Orphans' Court?

Orphans' Court. The Register has no authority to resolve disputes between beneficiaries and executors.

Can the Register of Wills refuse to probate a will?

The Register can refuse if statutory requirements aren't met. But if a dispute arises about the will's validity, the Register certifies the matter to Orphans' Court.

What is an audit and when is it required?

An audit is the court hearing where the judge reviews the fiduciary's accounting, hears objections, and issues a decree of distribution. An audit is required whenever a formal accounting is filed.

What does an Orphans' Court filing cost?

Filing fees vary by petition type; expect $100–$300+ in filing fees plus advertising costs. This is separate from attorney fees.

Amending Birth Records & Vital Records in Pennsylvania

How to fix errors on a Pennsylvania birth certificate (wrong name, sex designation, or missing information. Orphans' Court petition process.

Beneficiary Rights & Standing in Trust Disputes

What rights do trust beneficiaries have in Pennsylvania? Learn about standing to sue, the right to information and accountings, trustee removal, and.

Estate & Trust Accountings in Bucks County

An accounting is the fiduciary's formal report to the court and beneficiaries. It is the primary mechanism of accountability in Pennsylvania.

Family Settlement Agreements

What Is a Family Settlement Agreement? A family settlement agreement is a contract among the beneficiaries and heirs of an estate (and often the personal…

Guardianship Of Incapacitated Persons

When an adult becomes unable to make decisions for themselves (due to dementia, traumatic brain injury, stroke, or other conditions) Pennsylvania law…

Modifying Irrevocable Trusts in Pennsylvania

Can you modify an irrevocable trust? Learn Pennsylvania's three tools: nonjudicial settlement agreements (§ 7710.1), court modification (§ 7740.2), and.

Orphans' Court Rules & Procedure

Orphans' Court is a specialized division of the Court of Common Pleas with exclusive jurisdiction over estates, trusts, guardianships, and fiduciary…

Register of Wills vs. Orphans' Court: Who Does What

One of the most common sources of confusion in Pennsylvania estate practice (for families and sometimes even for attorneys) is the division between the…

Removal of Executors & Trustees

Pennsylvania law (20 Pa.C.S. § 3182) provides grounds and procedure for removal of a personal representative. The power to remove is vested exclusively in…

Trust Litigation in Orphans' Court

Orphans' Court has exclusive jurisdiction over virtually all trust-related disputes in Pennsylvania. Trust litigation is governed by 20 Pa.C.S.

What is a Surcharge?

A surcharge is a legal action brought in Orphans' Court to hold a fiduciary (executor, administrator, trustee, guardian,. Free consultation available.

Will Contests & Caveats in Bucks County

A will contest is a legal challenge to the validity of a decedent's will. In Pennsylvania, a will contest begins with a caveat.

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